Capabilities

Technologies we study and integrate

MUFO selects and integrates technologies from specialised suppliers and, for specific applications, its own solutions such as UFBAF® · PayPerLiter®. None is presented as the best without a comparative assessment.

PayPerLiter® Fluoride: coagulation, flocculation and filtration

What it addresses: Geogenic fluoride in drinking water, reduced to regulatory compliance.
Where it is usually studied: Sources with natural fluoride; plants with existing filtration (reused) or without it (added within the OPEX model). It can complement desalination or electrodialysis reversal (EDR).
Data to confirm suitability: Fluoride concentration and its seasonal variation, pH, flow rate, existing filtration infrastructure and applicable regulatory limit.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Optimised dosing with pH and contact-time control, controlled flocculation and filtration. Water Treatment as a Service (OPEX) model: you pay for compliant treated water.

Coagulation, flocculation and settling

What it addresses: Turbidity, suspended solids, colour and part of the organic matter; support for arsenic removal.
Where it is usually studied: Surface water and water with a variable solids load.
Data to confirm suitability: Turbidity, colour, organic matter, pH, alkalinity, temperature and seasonal variations. Jar tests are usually required.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Chemical dosing, pH control and sludge management.

Rapid, granular, multimedia and cartridge filtration

What it addresses: Solids, residual turbidity and iron and manganese precipitates after oxidation.
Where it is usually studied: Main or polishing stage in drinking and process water; membrane pretreatment.
Data to confirm suitability: Solids, turbidity, iron, manganese, peak flow and required outlet quality.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Backwashing, replacement of media or cartridges and backwash water management.

Microfiltration and ultrafiltration

What it addresses: Turbidity, solids and a physical barrier against microorganisms.
Where it is usually studied: Surface water, reverse osmosis pretreatment and process water.
Data to confirm suitability: Turbidity, silt density index, organic matter, temperature and flow rate.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Periodic chemical cleaning, integrity testing and reject management.

Activated carbon and other adsorption media

What it addresses: Organic matter, taste, odour and micropollutants; specific media for arsenic or fluorides.
Where it is usually studied: Drinking and process water with organoleptic or trace-compound requirements.
Data to confirm suitability: Target compounds, TOC, competing species, pH and contact time.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Media replacement or regeneration and saturation monitoring.

Ion exchange and softening

What it addresses: Hardness, nitrates (selective resins), ammonium (depending on media) and other ions.
Where it is usually studied: Drinking water and feed to boilers, washing or scaling-sensitive processes.
Data to confirm suitability: Major ions, sulphates, hardness, flow rate and possible brine disposal route.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Regeneration with brine or other chemicals and management of regeneration effluent.

Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration

What it addresses: Salinity, conductivity, hardness, nitrates, fluorides, arsenic and other dissolved compounds.
Where it is usually studied: Brackish water, drinking water with several parameters out of limits, and process water.
Data to confirm suitability: Full ion analysis, silica, fouling indices, temperature, flow rate and concentrate disposal route.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Pretreatment, antiscalants, chemical cleaning, remineralisation where needed and concentrate management.

Oxidation and aeration

What it addresses: Iron, manganese, hydrogen sulphide, ammonium (chlorination) and pre-oxidation of arsenic.
Where it is usually studied: Mainly groundwater under reducing conditions.
Data to confirm suitability: Iron, manganese, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, pH and ammonium.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Oxidant dosing or air supply, by-product control and downstream filtration.

Disinfection with UV, ozone or chlorination

What it addresses: Microbiological contamination; ozone also acts on taste, odour and colour.
Where it is usually studied: Final stage in drinking water and in process water with microbiological requirements.
Data to confirm suitability: UV transmittance, turbidity, organic matter, contact time and required network residual.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Lamp or generator maintenance, dosing and by-product control.

Biological treatment, including UFBAF®

What it addresses: Nitrates through biological denitrification (UFBAF®); other biological processes for ammonium or iron and manganese.
Where it is usually studied: Applications technically validated for each case.
Data to confirm suitability: Nitrates, dissolved oxygen, temperature, available carbon, flow rate and required outlet quality.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Biological process control, nutrient dosing where needed and post-treatment.

Demineralisation, electrodeionisation and polishing

What it addresses: Very low conductivity and high purity for demanding industrial processes.
Where it is usually studied: High-pressure boilers, laboratories, manufacturing and processes with a purity specification.
Data to confirm suitability: Process quality specification, conductivity, silica, CO₂ and flow rate.
Pretreatment, operation and waste: Usually after reverse osmosis; continuous quality monitoring and module maintenance.

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